Sedentary life 'speeds up ageing'

Leading a sedentary lifestyle may make us genetically old before our time,study suggests.A study of twins found those who were physically active during their leisure time appeared biologically younger than their sedentary peer....read more,

Mobiles linked to disturbed sleep.

Using a mobile phone before going to bed could stop you getting a decent night's sleep, research suggests.
Radiation from the handset can cause insomnia, headaches and confusion.It may also cut our amount of deep sleep - interfering with the body's ability to refresh itself.

Calcium pills 'raise heart risk'

calcium supplements may increase the risk of a heart attack in older women, New Zealand research suggests.

visit BBC news/Health for more news,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7187265.stm

Women in Nepal mail condoms to husbands

KATMANDU, Nepal - Women in a Nepal mountain village have been mailing condoms to their husbands working overseas to protect them from sexually transmitted diseases, a news report said Tuesday.

The women of Pang village have been writing their husbands letters urging them not to have sex with others — but they have been enclosing condoms just in case, the Kantipur newspaper reported.

Social workers have been counseling the women about sexually transmitted diseases.

"As I learned that unsafe relations make a person vulnerable to HIV, I sent a condom along with the letters to my husband," one of the village wives, Laxmi Sunar, told the newspaper.

An estimated 3 million people from impoverished Nepal work overseas, most as manual laborers, and send money home to support their families.

courtesy:http://health.yahoo.com/news/ap/nepal_condoms_for_husbands.html

Dementia drug instant hit claim

US scientists claim a drug can reverse some of the early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease - with the first effects seen within 10 minutes.
The Journal of Neuroinflammation reports how the memory of an 81-year-old man improved sharply after etanercept was injected into his spine.

His wife described it as her husband being "put back to where he was".

But UK experts warned that a single success did not prove that the drug would work for every dementia patient.

An ageing population means a substantial increase in the numbers of people suffering Alzheimer's disease.

Some studies have suggested that too much of a body chemical called tumour necrosis factor-alpha may be at least partly to blame for the advance of the condition.

Etanercept, which is licensed for use as a rheumatoid arthritis drug, works to block this body chemical.
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7179060.stm

Unsafe sex 'triggers' more disease

Complacency over safe sex is being blamed for a dramatic rise in cases of sexually transmitted diseases.

According to government figures diagnoses have hit a 10 year high with rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in particular rising dramatically since 1995.
click the link for more news,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1070235.stm

Circumcision 'does not curb sex'

Circumcision does not reduce sexual satisfaction and so there should be no reservations about using this method as a way to combat HIV, a study says.

Nearly 5,000 Ugandan men were recruited for the study. Half were circumcised, half had yet to undergo surgery.

There was little difference between the two groups when they were asked to rate performance and satisfaction, the journal BJU International reports.

Some studies suggest circumcision can cut male HIV infection by up to 50%.

There are several reasons why circumcision may protect against the virus.

Specific cells in the foreskin may be potential targets for HIV infection, while the skin under the foreskin may become less sensitive and less likely to bleed - reducing risk of infection - following circumcision.

Mixed picture

But despite this, it is thought there is some reluctance to be circumcised over fears that it may impact upon sexual experience.

Previous studies into circumcision and satisfaction have given a mixed picture.

But researchers from the Johns Hopkins University in the US say the size of their study and demographic profile of their participants made it one of the most reliable to date.

"Our study clearly shows that being circumcised did not have an adverse effect on the men who underwent the procedure when we compared them with the men who had not yet received surgery," said Professor Ronald Gray, who led the study.

"Other studies already show that being able to reassure men that the procedure won't affect sexual satisfaction or performance makes them much more likely to be circumcised."

Mixed armoury

While there were very slight differences in rates of sexual satisfaction between the two groups, these were not felt to be clinically significant.

Some 98.4% of the circumcised men reported satisfaction, compared to 99.9% in the control group.

In terms of ability to penetrate, 98.6% of the circumcised group reported no problem, compared with 99.4 of the non-circumcised group.

However marginally more circumcised men - 99.4% - reported that they had no pain during intercourse, compared with 98.8% of the other group.

But campaigning charities warned against using circumcision as the main weapon against HIV, noting that it was far from 100% effective.

Deborah Jack, chief executive of the National Aids Trust, said: "There is a fear that people that have been circumcised will feel they are protected from HIV when they are not.

"Condoms remain the best way of preventing HIV through sexual intercourse.

"It should be noted that research into HIV and circumcision has been very limited in its scope.

"We still need further research into new prevention methods from circumcision to microbicides and vaccines."

courtesy:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7174929.stm

Humour 'comes from testosterone'

Men are naturally more comedic than women because of the male hormone testosterone, an expert claims.

Men make more gags than women and their jokes tend to be more aggressive, Professor Sam Shuster, of Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, says.

The unicycling doctor observed how the genders reacted to his "amusing" hobby.

Women tended to make encouraging, praising comments, while men jeered. The most aggressive were young men, he told the British Medical Journal.

Previous findings have suggested women and men differ in how they use and appreciate humour.

Women tend to tell fewer jokes than men and male comedians outnumber female ones.

Aggressively funny

Research suggests men are more likely to use humour aggressively by making others the butt of the joke.

And aggression - generally considered to be a more masculine trait - has been linked by some to testosterone exposure in the womb.

Professor Shuster believes humour develops from aggression caused by male hormones.

He documented the reaction of over 400 individuals to his unicycling antics through the streets of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Almost half of people responded verbally - more being men.Very few of the women made comic or snide remarks, while 75% of the men attempted comedy - mostly shouting out "Lost your wheel?", for example.

Mocking and sneering

Often the men's comments were mocking and intended as a put-down. Young men in cars were particularly aggressive - they lowered their windows and shouted abusively.

This type of behaviour decreased among older men however, who tended to offer more admiring comments, much like the women.

"The idea that unicycling is intrinsically funny does not explain the findings," said Professor Shuster.

The simplest explanation, he says, is the effect of male hormones such as testosterone.

"The difference between the men and women was absolutely remarkable and consistent," said Professor Shuster.

"At 11-13 years, the boys began to get really aggressive.Into puberty, the aggression became more marked, then it changed into a form of joke. The men were snide."

The initial aggressive intent seems to become channelled into a more subtle and sophisticated joke, so the aggression is hidden by wit, explained Professor Shuster.

Dr Nick Neave is a psychologist at the University of Northumbria who has been studying the physical, behavioural, and psychological effects of testosterone.

He suggested men might respond aggressively because they see the other unicycling man as a threat, attracting female attention away from themselves.

"This would be particularly challenging for young males entering the breeding market and thus it does not surprise me that their responses were the more threatening."

courtesy:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7153584.stm

Does milk really do a body good?

A nutritionist investigates the claims about the beverage

By Alan Aragon, M.S.
updated 8:22 a.m. ET, Fri., Jan. 4, 2008

“Milk is a deadly poison," according to the Dairy Education Board. In fact, if you peruse this special interest group's Web site, notmilk.com, you'll find dozens of articles about the purported evils of this popular beverage. One claim, for example, is that milk from cows contains cancer-causing hormones and dairy industry dollars have kept that fact bottled up. All of which may leave you second-guessing your next sip.
However, as a nutritionist, I've found that most people thrive on milk, whether their goal is to lose fat or build muscle. So to be sure it's safe, I've investigated all the anti-milk claims, sifting through the research while also turning a critical eye to pro-milk propaganda. After all, the only agenda I have is my clients' health. The result: all your milk questions, answered.
Is milk really a fat-burning food?Maybe. In a 6-month study, University of Tennessee researchers found that overweight people who downed three servings a day of calcium-rich dairy lost more belly fat than those who followed a similar diet minus two or more of the dairy servings. In addition, the researchers discovered that calcium supplements didn't work as well as milk. Why? They believe that while calcium may increase the rate at which your body burns fat, other active compounds in dairy (such as milk proteins) provide an additional fat-burning effect. Of course, the key to success is following a weight-loss diet to begin with. After all, downing your dairy with a box of doughnuts is no way to torch your gut.

Does it build muscle?Absolutely. In fact, milk is one of the best muscle foods on the planet. You see, the protein in milk is about 80 percent whey and 20 percent casein. Both are high-quality proteins, but whey is known as a "fast protein" because it's quickly broken down into amino acids and absorbed into the bloodstream. That makes it a very good protein to consume after your workout. Casein, on the other hand, is digested more slowly. So it's ideal for providing your body with a steady supply of smaller amounts of protein for a longer period of time — like between meals or while you sleep. Since milk provides both, one big glass gives your body an ideal combination of muscle-building proteins.
Cows are given hormones. Doesn't that make their milk unhealthy?Not unless you're injecting the milk. Here's the full story: In 1993 the FDA approved the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) in cattle. This practice resulted in greater milk production at less cost to the dairy farmer, a savings that has been passed on to you at your local supermarket. But it has also sparked much controversy, because rBGH boosts milk's concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF), a hormone that's been linked to cancer.
Unlike steroid hormones, which can be taken orally, rBGH and IGF must be injected to have any effect. That's because the process of digestion destroys these "protein" hormones. So drinking milk from hormone-treated cows doesn't transfer the active form of these chemicals to your body. However, there is one ethical downside to consider: It's not good for the cows. Canadian researchers discovered that cows given hormones are more likely to contract an udder infection called mastitis.
What about antibiotics?No one really knows. Some scientists argue that milk from cows given antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance in humans, making these types of drugs less effective when you take them for an infection. But this finding has never been proved.
If you're uneasy, you can purchase antibiotic-free (and typically hormone-free, as well) milk from specialty grocers, such as Trader Joe's or Whole Foods, or select USDA-certified organic milk, which is available at most supermarkets.

Skim or whole?It depends on your taste. While you've probably always been told to drink reduced-fat milk, the majority of scientific studies show that drinking whole milk actually improves cholesterol levels, just not as much as drinking skim does. One recent exception: Danish researchers found that men who consumed a diet rich in whole milk experienced a slight increase in LDL cholesterol (six points). However, it's worth noting that these men drank six 8-ounce glasses a day, an unusually high amount. Even so, their triglycerides — another marker of heart-disease risk — decreased by 22 percent.
The bottom line: Drinking two to three glasses of milk a day, whether it's skim, 2 percent, or whole, lowers the likelihood of both heart attack and stroke — a finding confirmed by British scientists.
If you're dieting, the lower-fat option is an easy way to save a few calories. When it comes to building muscle, though, whole milk may be your best choice: Scientists at the University of Texas medical branch in Galveston found that drinking whole milk after lifting weights boosted muscle protein synthesis — an indicator of muscle growth — 2.8 times more than drinking skim did.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22349307/

Osteoarthritis Risk: Handy Finding

Finger Length Could Be a Clue About Your Osteoarthritis Odds

By Miranda Hitti
WebMD Medical News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

Jan. 3, 2008 -- Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? That may show a risk for knee osteoarthritis, especially in women, a British study shows.

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. In osteoarthritis, the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones within joints gradually wears away. It can affect almost any joint in the body but commonly involves the weight-bearing joints: the knees, hips, and spine.

Osteoarthritis becomes more common with age and extra weight. Finger length may also be a risk factor, according to the new British study.

It's not about whether your fingers are long or short. Instead, it's about the ratio between the length of your index finger (the second finger, counting from the thumb) and your ring finger (the fourth finger).

Handful of Osteoarthritis Risk

The British study included more than 2,000 people with severe knee and/or hip osteoarthritis and more than 1,100 people without knee or hip osteoarthritis.

The researchers, based at England's University of Nottingham, eyeballed the length of participants' ring and index fingers, following up with hand X-rays for precise measurements.

The key finding: People whose index finger was shorter than their ring finger were about twice as likely to have knee osteoarthritis, compared with other participants.

That pattern was stronger for women than for men. Among women, those with an index finger shorter than their ring finger were three times more likely to have knee osteoarthritis.

The finding may also be true for hip osteoarthritis, but because most participants with hip arthritis also had knee osteoarthritis, it was hard for the researchers to confirm that.

Other osteoarthritis risk factors -- including age, sex, BMI (body mass index, which relates height to weight), previous joint injuries, and physical activity -- didn't explain the results.

Rheumatology professor Michael Doherty, MD, and colleagues aren't sure how to explain their findings. They note that men are more likely than women to have index fingers that are shorter than ring fingers, so hormonal factors may be involved, but that's not certain.

courtesy:http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/news/20080103/osteoarthritis-risk-handy-finding

Stomach bug sweeping the country

People struck down by a stomach bug sweeping the UK have been urged not to go back to work.

Doctors estimate more than 100,000 people a week are catching norovirus, which causes diarrhoea and vomiting.

Workers need to remain at home for 48 hours after the symptoms have gone and stay away from surgeries and hospitals, the Royal College of GPs warned.

The Health Protection Agency confirmed the number of cases this year is the highest since 2002.

Norovirus - also known as winter vomiting disease - is the most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in the UK.

Illness can occur at any age because immunity to it is not long-lasting.

It is not normally dangerous but the very young and very old are most at risk of complications from dehydration.

The bug can be spread by contact with an infected person, through contaminated food or water or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.

Outbreaks are common in hospitals, nursing homes, schools and cruise ships.

'Stay home'

Professor Steve Field, chair of the Royal College of GPs said its surveillance unit in Birmingham had confirmed the number of cases was the highest in five years.

He said the number of new cases each week may even top 200,000 across the UK.

"Surgeries and hospitals have been swamped with people wanting advice."

He advised those affected to stay at home, drink lots of fluids and take paracetamol.

"Wash your hands regularly so you don't infect anyone else and stay at home two days after the symptoms have gone."

Dr Darren Simpson, a GP in Bradford said they had seen a large number of people with norovirus in recent weeks.

"Very few people follow the advice of staying away from work however due to unsympathetic and often nagging bosses.

"It's the worst time of year to catch it as a lot of places are understaffed due to leave and bank holidays so there is increased pressure to attend work if you can."

In December, the Health Protection Agency warned the norovirus season had started particularly early.

They estimate that in epidemic seasons, noroviruses may cost the NHS in excess of £100m per year.

In 2007, the number of cases reported to the HPA in England and Wales from early September to early December were double those seen in 2006 - 1,325 compared with 685.

The actual number of cases is much higher as most are not reported - perhaps as much as 1,500-fold.

NHS Direct said calls about vomiting and abdominal pain had been the number two reason for people calling over the Christmas period - in keeping with reports of increased rates of norovirus.

A total of 1,122,874 people contacted the NHS helpline over the 11-day Christmas and New Year period - a 61% increase on last year.

Dr Mike Sadler, NHS Direct chief operating officer, said: "Call patterns have been markedly different from our previous experience."

courtesy:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7169347.stm

Teen birth rates increase locally and across nation: East County shows largest spikes as more youngsters are deciding to carry babies to term

Paula King
Jan 02, 2008 (Contra Costa Times - McClatchy-Tribune Information Services via COMTEX) --

Eighteen-year-old Chelsea Thompson sleeps in the dining room of her cousin's home.
Some days it is a struggle to get out of bed, but she says her 6-month-old son has changed her life for the better.
"He saved me. I grew up as soon as I became a parent," she said. "I get my strength from him."

The national teen birth rate risen for the first time in 14 years, and Thompson is among a growing number of adolescents who carry their babies to term and raise them on their own.

Six Contra Costa County communities have teen birth rates that are significantly higher than the county average, according to a recent study by Contra Costa Health Services.

More than half of those are in East County, including Pittsburg, Bay Point, Antioch and Oakley.

Oakley saw a teen birth rate of 32.8 of 1,000 from 2002-04, and Antioch's rate was 31.9 births per 1,000 teens during the same period, according to the county study.

The incidence of teen births in Pittsburg and Bay Point was 56.8 per 1,000.

In December, national studies found that teen births rose 3 percent from 2005 to 2006. The last time the United States saw such a sharp increase was 1991.

Thompson says she doesn't think this is happening because girls lack sexual education or access to birth control.

The teen said she went to a clinic to get birth control and found out she was seven weeks pregnant -- by a boyfriend who had told her he was unable to father children.

The couple broke up seven months

into the pregnancy. He lives in Texas and has never met his child.

"There is plenty of information out there about birth control, but we just didn't listen to it," Thompson said.

While trying to finish high school through the Liberty Union High School District's independent study program, Thompson also attends a special class for teens who are pregnant or raising children.

Some of her classmates say their boyfriends told them they were sterile. Others insist that birth control pills make them sick, and they dislike needles or injections.

Angela Poirier, 17, says she would advise other teens to abstainor use birth control. Sexually active teens also should be sure they are ready to become parents, she adds.

Although Poirier considered abortion, she chose to keep her newborn. Like many teens, she says adoption was never an option.

"I didn't really want to kill a living thing, and I didn't want to put another child out there without a parent," Poirier said. "I think that more teens are having their babies because it is them getting pregnant and it is not the baby's fault."

Planned Parenthood Regional Director Robin Poppino-Kuntz says there is insufficient access to birth control and sexual health information for teens these days.

Within the Liberty district's high schools, freshmen are taught sexual education in a semesterlong health class that also covers nutrition and other health issues.

Attitudes toward adoption haven't changed in recent years, Poppino-Kuntz adds.

"Almost nobody wants to look at adoption as an option," she said. "Usually we see about half and half -- half of pregnant teens choosing parenting and the other half opting for abortion."

Birthright, a crisis pregnancy clinic in downtown Brentwood, has a dozen teens, on average, stop by each month for counseling and free pregnancy tests.

Many are 17- and 18-year-olds from Antioch, Oakley and Discovery Bay, co-director Deena Foley said.

Most have parents who oppose abortion and premarital sex, so they feel they don't have anyone with whom they can discuss their options, she added.

"I've been where they have been. I know what it is like to struggle," said Foley, once a teenage mother herself.

In Contra Costa County, girls in the 15- to 19-year-old age bracket accounted for 2,510 births from 2002 to 2004.

The county's teen birth rate is 23.8 per 1,000 teens, which is lower than the statewide average of 39.6.

More than half of these births were to Latinas, who hold the highest teen birth rate and largest percentage of teen births, according to the county study.

"Many of the Latino girls we see are devout Catholics. They have many concerns about abortion," Foley said.

Oakley's St. Anthony Catholic Church said it has seen only a few pregnant teens in its congregation. Joann Mass, the business manager, said teen pregnancy doesn't seem to have as much of a stigma as in the past and that teens' parents are more supportive of their daughters now.

Latinos are the largest ethnic group in which the birth rate continues to rise, according to Susan Philliber, a senior partner at New York's Philliber Research Associates.

Latino families that recently immigrated to the United States don't typically talk to their children about sex or contraception, so young people usually get wrong information from their peers, Philliber says.

"Once she gets pregnant, the family embraces her. The Latino family structure is strong and the father is more likely to be involved," she said. "It is unthinkable in newly immigrant homes that a female teen would use contraception."

Latinos comprise one-fourth of Oakley's growing population. Some community groups have identified teen pregnancy as an ongoing problem in the small city.

Overall, Latinas have a higher rate of unplanned pregnancies because they come from lower-income families, Poppino-Kuntz says.

"You have to consider social class and economic background. Abortion is still prevalent on American college campuses," Philliber said. "What happens is that the poorest girls are carrying babies to term while other girls often have abortions."

Girls growing up in affluent homes are more career-oriented and less willing to raise children out of wedlock, she said.

At first, relatives and other adults tried to persuade 16-year-old Jacqui Zelaya to have an abortion or give her baby up for adoption.

She later moved from Los Angeles to live with her sister in Brentwood. Zelaya says people's attitudes changed when she learned through an ultrasound that she was carrying a boy.

Today, her family adores 7-month-old Jayden, and Zelaya is determined to care for him.

"I couldn't give him up," she said. "You don't know what that child will become. (He) could be the next president."

Zelaya and Jayden's father broke up during the pregnancy. He still lives in Los Angeles but remains involved in his son's life.

On the other hand, Vanessa Morales waited until she was five months pregnant to tell her parents, who have supported her financially and emotionally since.

The 16-year-old gave birth Dec. 2. A few weeks prior, Morales was eagerly anticipating motherhood.

"I'm not scared. I'm just really excited," Morales said. "Some people think if you have a baby at this age, your life is over. If you have enough support, it will be OK."

The East County resident plans to get a restaurant job shortly after giving birth and start beauty school next summer. Morales' ultimate goal is to open her own salon.

The county study showed a direct relationship between teen births and poverty, lack of parenting education and family planning, and previous pregnancies.

Teen parents often find it tougher to continue their education, find productive work and become self-sufficient, according to the study.

Meanwhile, there are the daily challenges of motherhood: Now it takes Poirier longer to get ready for the day, and she must squeeze homework into an already hectic schedule.

She lives with her parents and wants to continue her education after high school once Sophie is in day care. The baby's 15-year-old father is no longer involved in their lives, but the county may pursue some type of support from him for Sophie's medical expenses.

"She is a reminder of him. I wish he was in my life and her life," Poirier said.

After enduring a traumatic childhood, Thompson says her top priority is to raise her son with love. She doesn't have a job, but she is working toward her high school diploma. She has hopes of becoming a secretary or kindergarten teacher.

Although she tries to stay focused, depression sometimes overwhelms her.

"Babies are very dependent," Thompson said. "I keep telling myself it is going to get easier.

courtesy:http://www.individual.com/story.php?story=75564341

Breast Cancer Cells Have To Learn To Walk Before They Can Run

Early-stage breast cancer that has not yet invaded the surrounding tissues may already contain highly motile cells, bringing the tumor one step closer to metastasis, report researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Their study, published in the Dec. 30 issue of the Journal of Cell Biology, suggests that these cells, although not yet invasive, could wander off along milk ducts and seed new tumors within the same breast. "A lack of invasion suggested a lack of motility," says lead author Gray Pearson, Ph.D, a postdoctoral researcher in the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory at the Salk, "but that's not so."

"This is an exciting finding because it suggests that cells might acquire migratory properties much earlier than expected," says senior author Tony Hunter, Ph.D., a professor in the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory.

Due to improved screening programs, most breast tumors are discovered at an early stage when they are still small and confined. In such cases, cancer cells have not grown into the surrounding tissues and remain within the borders of a duct, the most common site where invasive breast cancer arises. These tumors are known as DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ).

The standard treatment for DCIS is lumpectomy, the surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. Approximately 16% of DCIS patients treated with lumpectomy alone develop recurrent breast cancer growth within 5 years of treatment. One of the questions faced by oncologists and patients is whether they should add gamma radiation after undergoing surgery to catch straying tumor cells and reduce the risk of recurrent breast cancer. Currently, the decision is based solely on the size of the tumor.

"Our findings suggest that, if a DCIS contains these highly motile cells, the patient may have an increased risk for recurrent growth," says Pearson. "Under these circumstances you would consider adding radiation treatment regardless of tumor size."

While the presence of highly motile cells may guide treatment decisions in the future, the researchers have yet to show that wandering cells do indeed influence a patient's outcome, cautions Pearson.

In their study, the Salk researchers used a tissue culture model that recreates the duct of the mammary gland. They embedded human cells, isolated from breast tissue, in a three-dimensional matrix that mimics their natural surroundings. These cells spontaneously develop into so called acini, hollow structures resembling tiny milk ducts.

Then they turned on the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway, a signaling cascade frequently activated during the development of tumors, and watched in real time as breast cancer cells learned how to walk. "We quickly realized that there was a significant cell movement, which was quite surprising," recounts Pearson. "Within 24 hours, a large number of these spheres had lost their organization, and the cells started to dance around."

While dangerously invasive cells can squeeze through the basement membrane and make a run for the surrounding tissue, motile cells still could not escape the confines of the ERK-activated acini. "But the acquisition of motility prior to invasion presumably lowers the barrier for future invasive growth," explains Pearson.

"The advent of live-cell imaging allows us to watch labeled cells move around in tissues and learn a lot about their behavior, which wouldn't be revealed in cultured cells," says Hunter.

With the next step, Pearson hopes to identify molecular markers for breast cancer cell motility that will help oncologists to diagnose patients who are at higher risk of metastasis.
coutesy:http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/92813.php